Eviction research
-
Allison Bovell-Amman, The Hidden Health Crisis of Eviction, Boston Univ. Sch. of Pub. Health (Oct. 5, 2018).
Christine MacDonald, Persistent evictions threaten Detroit neighborhoods, The Detroit News (Oct. 5, 2017).
CityHealth et al., Addressing America's Housing Crisis: Three Local Policy Solutions to Promote Health and Equity in Housing (Aug. 2022).
Elora Raymond, Evicted in Atlanta, Atlanta Studies (Feb. 6, 2018).
John Pollock & Kathryn Leifheit, Blog Post: Legal Support for Renters: Preventative Legal Medicine, CityHealth (Mar. 30, 2022).
Lisa Berg & Lars Brännström, Evicted children and subsequent placement in out-of-home care: A cohort study, 13(4) PLoS ONE (Apr. 18, 2018).
-
Legal Servs. Corp., Effect of State & Local Laws on Evictions
Nat’l Low Income Hous. Coal., ERASE Project: State and Local Tenant Protections Database (for state and local tenant protection laws)
Sarah Abdelhadi & Ranya Ahmed, Fast & Cheap: The Speed and Cost of Evicting Tenants for Nonpayment of Rent, Legal Servs. Corp. (Dec. 14, 2021).
-
Eviction data trackers for specific jurisdictions
Ariz. State Univ., Maricopa County: Eviction Dashboard (a dashboard containing visualizations representing "every eviction filing, regardless of outcome," utilizing data from the Maricopa County Justice Courts).
Atlanta Regional Comm’n, Regional Eviction Tracker (formal evictions activity in the metro Atlanta area as it is reflected in county court websites).
Dallas Cty. HHS, Eviction Cases Filed
Evicted in Oregon (a Portland State Univ. initiative)
Henry Gomory, Do Large Landlords’ Eviction Practices Differ from Small Landlords?, Urban Institute Housing Matters (Feb. 1, 2023)
January Advisors, Harris County Evictions Dashboard (regularly updated statistics on eviction in Harris County, TX).
King Cty. Bar, King County (WA) Eviction Tracker (heat map of eviction filings).
Legal Servs. Corp., Eviction Tracker
Nat’l Equity Atlas, Rent Debt in America Dashboard (providing data on who is behind on rent and the estimated amount owed based on the most recent Census Household Pulse Survey data).
Right to Counsel NYC Coal., NYS Eviction Crisis Monitor ("shows the number of active eviction cases across New York State and eviction filings rates by zip code in [NYC]").
Urban Displacement Project, California Estimated Displacement Risk Model (identifies varying levels of displacement risk for low-income renter households in all state census tracts)
U.S. Census Bureau, Household Pulse Survey: Measuring Emergent Social and Economic Matters Facing U.S. Households (Apr. 30, 2025) (asks tenants questions about whether they are at risk of eviction and how far behind they are in rent)
-
CASA-NYC et al., Tipping the Scales: A Report of Tenant Experiences in Bronx Housing Court (Mar. 2013) (a court watch report).
Hoosier Housing Needs Coal., Court Watcher's Toolkit: Evictions in Indiana (Aug. 2022).
Open Justice Oklahoma, Oklahoma Court Tracker (Mar. 2020-Dec. 2022)
Jane Place Neighborhood Sustainability Initiative (JPNSI) court watch forms
-
Ashley Gromis et al., Estimating the Prevalence of Eviction in the United States, 119(21) PNAS (2022) (containing data on illegal eviction rates).
Eviction Lab, Eviction Tracking System
Eviction Research Network (a project of U.C. Berkeley)
Legal Servs. Corp., Eviction Tracker
Michael Casey & R.J. Rico, Eviction filings soar…, PBS (June 17, 2023).
-
ACLU and Nat’l Coal. for a Civil Right to Counsel, No Eviction without Representation: Evictions’ Disproportionate Harms and the Promise of a Right to Counsel (2021).
Cleo Bluthenthal, The Disproportionate Burden of Eviction on Black Women, Ctr. for American Progress (Aug. 29, 2023).
Eviction Lab, Racial and Gender Disparities Among Evicted Americans (Dec. 16, 2020).
Katherine Lucas McKay, The COVID-19 Eviction Crisis: an Estimated 30-40 Million People in America Are at Risk, Aspen Institute (Aug. 7, 2020).
Matthew Desmond, Poor Black Women Are Evicted at Alarming Rates, Setting Off a Chain of Hardship, MacArthur Foundation (Mar. 2014).
Michela Zonta, Racial Disparities in Home Appreciation, Center for American Progress (July 15, 2019).
Reinvestment Fund, Evictions in Philadelphia: Race (and Place) Matters (Feb. 2021).
Results for America, Advancing Housing Justice: Right to Counsel for Tenants - Informational Webinar (2022).
Sophie Beiers et al., Clearing the Record: How Eviction Sealing Laws Can Advance Housing Access for Women of Color, ACLU (Jan. 10, 2020)
Timothy A. Thomas et al., The State of Evictions: Results from the University of Washington Evictions Project, Univ. of Wash. (Jan. 6, 2020).
-
Adam Porton et al., Inaccuracies in Eviction Records: Implications for Renters and Researchers, 31 Hous. P. Debate 377 (2021).
Ariel Nelson, Salt in the Wound: How Eviction Records and Back Rent Haunt Tenant Screening Reports and Credit Scores, Nat’l Consumer Law Ctr. (Aug. 1, 2020).
Mass. Law Reform Inst., Evicted for Life: How eviction court records are creating a new barrier to housing (June 12, 2019) (describing state record-sealing laws).
Sophie Beiers et al., Clearing the Record: How Eviction Sealing Laws Can Advance Housing Access for Women of Color, ACLU (Jan. 10, 2020).
Legal representation research
-
In addition to other key resources, the NCCRC’s comprehensive bibliography tracks the studies that have analyzed the impact of providing counsel for tenants in eviction cases.
Aubrey Hasvold & Jack Regenbogen, Facing Eviction Alone: A Study of Evictions (2016) (Denver study).
Carroll Seron, The Impact of Legal Counsel on Outcomes for Poor Tenants in New York City’s Housing Court: Results of a Randomized Experiment, 35 Law & Soc’y Rev. 419 (2001) (discussing rent abatements obtained with and without counsel).
City of Boulder, 2021 Eviction Prevention and Rental Assistance Services Annual Report (2021).
City of Kansas, Press Release: Kansas City program helping residents stay housed (Sept. 21, 2022).
Eviction Defense Collaborative, Tenant Right to Counsel Data - Outcomes (2021) (data from San Francisco).
Jessica Steinberg, In Pursuit of Justice? Case Outcomes and the Delivery of Unbundled Legal Services, 18 Geo. J. on Poverty L. & Pol'y 453 (2011) (CA study).
Mid-Minnesota Legal Aid and Volunteer Lawyers Network, Legal Representation in Evictions - Comparative Study (2018) (study of Hennepin County, MN).
NYC Office of Civil Justice, Universal Access to Legal Services: A Report on Year Five of Implementation in New York City (Winter 2022).
Open Justice Oklahoma, Legal Representation and Eviction Outcomes in Tulsa County.
Stout, Eviction Right to Counsel Resource Center (cost/benefit reports).
Stout, Independent Evaluation of RTC-C: Key Findings (Jan. 31, 2023).
-
April Hirsh Urban et al., The Cleveland Eviction Study: Observations in Eviction Court and the Stories of People Facing Eviction, Ctr. on Urban Pov. & Cmty. Dev. (Oct. 2019) (discussing speed of evictions).
Claudia Aiken et al., Trends and Challenges in the Philadelphia Rental Market, Housing Initiative at Penn (June 2022) (discussing illegal evictions).
David A. Hoffman & Anton Strezhnev, Leases as Forms, 19 J. of Emp. L. Stud. 90 (Mar. 2022) (discussing nationalization of leases that are often not adapted to be compliant with state/local law).
Julian R. Birnbaum et al., Chicago's Eviction Court: A Tenant's Court of No Resort, 17 Urb. L. Ann. 093 (1979) (discussing low tenant success rate for asserting warranty of habitability).
Josh Kaplan, Thousands Of D.C. Renters Are Evicted Every Year. Do They All Know To Show Up To Court?, DCist (Oct. 5, 2020) (describing problems with defective notice).
Nat’l Coal. for a Civil Right to Counsel, Eviction representation statistics for landlords and tenants absent special intervention (last modified Aug. 2025) (statistics on imbalance of representation).
Nat’l Hous. Law Project, Stopping COVID-19 Evictions: Survey Results (July 2020) (data on illegal evictions).
Nicole Summers, The Limits of Good Law: A Study of Housing Court Outcomes, 87 Univ. of Chi. L. R. 145 (2020).
Paula A. Franzese et al., The Implied Warranty of Habitability Lives: Making Real the Promise of Landlord-Tenant Reform, Rutgers Univ. L. Rev. Vol 69:1 (Fall 2016).
Public Justice Ctr., Justice Diverted: How Renters Are Processed in Baltimore City Rent Court (Dec. 2015) (discussing renters not articulating available defenses).
Rich Curran & Andrew Nelson, Denton should do more to protect renters, Dallas Morning News (Sept. 9, 2023) (describing results of court watch program that found tenants often not allowed to speak or ask questions).
RVA Eviction Lab, Eviction, legal counsel, and the courthouse (Nov. 8, 2021) (discussing the speed of evictions).
Mediation
Joel Kurtzberg & Jamie Henikoff, Freeing the Parties from the Law: Designing an Interest and Rights Focused Model of Landlord/Tenant Mediation, 1997 J. Disp. Resol. (1997).
Ray Kong et al., Eviction Prevention Through Hawaii’s Tenant-Landlord Mediation Program, Hawai’i Appleseed (Oct. 2022).
Washington Courts, Helping Tenants and Landlords Avoid Eviction Proceedings During COVID-19 (July 1, 2022).
Messaging
The CaseMade and NCCRC, Building Support for a Civil Right to Counsel by Anchoring Your Case in Racial Justice: A Playbook for Justice Seekers Everywhere (2024). The CaseMade has additional Strategic CaseMaking resources.
PolicyLink, Housing Futures and Land Justice
Laura Hughes, The Words We Use Shape Our Reality: How We Tell Stories is Critical to Building Our Housing Futures, PolicyLink
Nat’l Coal. for a Civil Right to Counsel, Survey: Americans overwhelmingly support right to counsel in civil cases (Sept. 12, 2017) (describing how a survey conducted by Voices for Civil Justice showed that the right to counsel concept tested extremely strongly with the public)
Right to Counsel NYC Coalition:
The Right to Counsel Toolkit (documenting messaging efforts);
Our Rights! Our Power! (documentary about the campaign in NYC).
Voices for Civil Justice, Communications tools
Organizing
-
Andrew Messamore, The Effect of Community Organizing on Landlords’ Use of Eviction Filing: Evidence from U.S. Cities, 70(3) Soc. Probs. 809-30 (Aug. 2023)
Jamila Michener, Power from the Margins: Grassroots Mobilization and Urban Expansions of Civil Legal Rights, Urb. Aff. Rev. (2019)
-
National Organizing Convening on RTC (organizing and legislation principles)
Our Rights! Our Power! (documentary about the campaign in NYC)
Lessons from Four Cities Fighting to Stop Evictions with Right to Counsel
Webinar: Winning the Right to Counsel in Eviction Cases: Organizing and the Role of Lawyers (2019): Webinar video | RTCNYC slides | NCCRC slides
Right to Counsel NYC Coalition & TakeRoot Justice, Organizing is Different Now! How the Right to Counsel Strengthens the Tenant Movement in New York City (March 2022)
-
Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) Chapters:
Boulder, Connecticut, Denver, Jersey City, and San Francisco
Jersey City (DSA campaign website)
KC Tenants (Kansas City)
Lake Worth (petition on Change.Org)
Tenants Together (San Francisco)
RTC Campaign Map, which displays active campaigns (maintained by the Right to Counsel NYC Coalition).
RTC cost and/or benefit
Martha Samuelson et al., Investing in Fairness, Justice and Housing Stability: Assessing the Benefits of Full Legal Representation in Eviction Cases in Massachusetts, Boston Bar Ass'n (June 2020).
I4J Lab, Eviction Cost Calculator (a project of the University of Arizona).
James Teufel, Delaware’s Home4Good Social Return on Investment of Eviction Prevention, Del. State Hous. Auth. (2020).
Stout, Eviction RTC budget model (cost estimator spreadsheet).
Washington Appleseed et al., Developing Civil Right to Counsel Pilot Projects (2012).
Stout, Eviction RTC Resource Center (see Cost-Benefit Studies).
RTC Funding
Am. U. Justice in Gov't Project, Funding Matrix: American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) Programs that can Support Civil Access to Justice (July 15, 2021).
NCCRC, The Right to Counsel for Tenants Facing Eviction: Enacted Legislation (last modified July 2025) (covers “funding” for all existing eviction RTC ordinances and laws)
NCCRC, Federal funding for tenant rep / right to counsel (Nov. 1, 2023) (providing extensive information on the parameters of federal funding opportunities as well as who has used such funding to date).
Victoria Bourret et al., End Rental Arrears to Stop Evictions (ERASE): History, Successes, and Highlights, Nat'l Low Income Hous. Coalition (2023) (provides grants for both rental assistance and legal representation programs).
Ballot initiatives
Ballotpedia ("the digital encyclopedia of American politics")
Tram Hoang et al., Housing Justice on the Ballot: Initiative Guide, PolicyLink and NCCRC (2023) | Housing Justice on the Ballot - Webinar (Mar. 21, 2023)
Courtney Cooperman & Lena O’Rourke, Housing on the Ballot: How to Organize a Successful Ballot Measure Campaign for Affordable Homes, Nat’l Low Income Hous. Coal. (2022).
Pilot Projects
Washington Appleseed et al., Developing Civil Right to Counsel Pilot Projects (2012).
RTC resolutions
ABA, Resolution 112A (2006)
Milwaukee Cty. Bd. of Supervisors, Resolution No. 21-506
Implementation
-
Karen Wabeke et al., Implementing a Statewide Right to Counsel for Tenants: Learning from Washington, Maryland, and Connecticut, Mgmt. Info. Exch. J. (Fall 2022).
N.Y.U. Furman Ctr., Implementing New York City's Universal Access to Counsel Program: Lessons for Other Jurisdictions (Dec. 2018).
Right to Counsel NYC Coal., Toolkit Chapter 12: Organizing for a Just and Powerful Implementation
Scott Crain et al., Building the Plane While We Fly It — Implementing Year One of Washington State’s Right to Counsel in Evictions, Mgmt. Info. Exch. J. (Fall 2022).
Wash. State Office of Civ. Legal Aid, Right to Counsel Implementation Plan (Oct. 8, 2021).
-
Philadelphia (see City website and Philadelphia Eviction Prevention Project [PEPP])
Washington State: see Office of Civil Legal Aid [OCLA] website, which contains implementation memos)
-
City of Philadelphia, Analysis: Right to Counsel Roll-out ZIP Codes
Supreme Court of Texas, No. 23-9024: Emergency Order Regarding the Texas Eviction Diversion Program (requires courts to give legal services access to courts).
Washington State
Order No. 25700-A-1531, In the Matter of Proposed Rule 98.24W (continuances court rule); and
Washington State Attorney General guidance related to courts proceeding without tenant attorney being assigned
-
State and city specific
Cleveland
Free Eviction Help, RTC toolkit
United Way of Greater Cleveland, Hyper Local Outreach materials
Community Legal Services of Philadelphia, RTC promo video
Kansas City Summary and Frequently Asked Questions (Dec. 8, 2021).
Mass. Legal Servs. COVID Eviction Legal Help Project, Building Partnerships & Community Connections (Aug. 26, 2021).
Veronica Rose, City Council Passes Three Bills for Tenants Rights to Counsel and Privacy, CityLand (May 3, 2021) (discussing NYC outreach funding law).
Seattle, Director’s Rule 9-2021: Right to Legal Counsel in Eviction Proceedings (Apr. 12, 2021).
Washington State’s Eviction Prevention Campaign Toolkit (includes notice of RTC)
Sample notices to tenants:
Washington State (Wash. Rev. Code § 59.18.057)
Legal services / organizing infrastructure
-
Andrew Ashbrook, Building the Bar: Solving the Attorney Shortage Threatening Tenant Right to Counsel (CityHealth, 2025)
Stout, Eviction Right to Counsel Resource Center (cost-benefit analyses provide helpful overview of common legal services provider infrastructure changes)
N.Y. Law School, Housing Justice Leadership Institute (contains sample syllabus; RTC supervisor training)
Right to Counsel NYC Coal. Pipeline Working Group, NYC Housing Staff Attorneys Survey (2019).
Robert Ambrogi, In First, Mass. Adds ‘Access to Justice’ to Bar Exam, LawSites (May 9, 2014).
-
Bob Glaves, Investing in justice: How bar foundations can help stop a legal aid crisis, 32(5) ABA Bar Leader (May-June 2008).
Cathy Carr, Fairness and Justice in Setting Legal Services Attorney Salaries: Finding the Will to Get There, Mgmt. Info. Exch. J. (Summer 2007).
-
Conn. Bar Found., Connecticut's Right to Counsel Program is
HIRING! (compilation of right to counsel position listings)ProBono.net, Housing Jobs in NYC (jobs board) and Campaign Organizer position with Right to Counsel NYC Coalition
SAJE, Campaign Coordinator
San Francisco Eviction Defense Collaborative, Program Coordinator (Right to Counsel)
-
These are examples of grant administration and management platforms. The NCCRC does not endorse any specific platform.
Foundant (note: difficulty with extracting and analyzing reports)
Salesforce (note: lots of capability but expensive)